Small Economic Activity in Rural Area

Performance Management And Learning And Development Essay Example for Free

Execution Management And Learning And Development Essay Presentation In the 19thâ century college was intended to be a hypothetical theater, while the manufacturing plant was the spot for formal preparing and learning. Instruction is more extensive in scope than preparing and it has a less explicit application than preparing, as it is conveyed in instructive organizations. Thus, there has consistently been a pressure between the necessities of industry and the instructive prerequisites of the person, as society needs individuals who can contribute in a complete manner (Wilson, 2005). After a century, West moved past the processing plant and assembling as the reason for financial riches have been accomplished. Contrasted with before hundreds of years now this century can obliterate theâ exchanging, political and economicâ hindrances, which hampered the advancement in the days of yore. The appearance of broad communications and innovation is re-molding our lives at an amazing pace; the idea of learning is presently not a stale procedure, however in a motion and developing each day (Beckett, 2000). The idea of work is changing with the information economy in blast, offering ascend to unmatched requests for learning in work settings through steady preparing. Ventures need incorporated way to deal with have information laborers, which is the correct remedy for organizations today. It is difficult to make powerful business and preparing based approaches which give high need to instruction and preparing both at once. Nations like Korea and Singapore are genuinely putting resources into their HR, while the poor nations don't have adequate assets to meet their developing needs. The general objective of the worldwide economy is give chances to individuals and get beneficial work with respect, which requires a structure to address laborer and maker needs. To meet such necessities, the new thousand years needs a move from customary methodology and requests new HR advancement and preparing arrangements. Learning and Training Learning can happen either in formal settings, for example, school/college or in less formal hierarchical settings. Having information is not quite the same as learning, as learning has restricted worth and isn't an assurance of being handy, untilâ put to rehearse in genuine world. Wilson (2005) has characterized learning as â€Å"a lasting difference in information, mentality or conduct happening because of formal instruction or preparing, or because of casual encounters. Learning, instruction and improvement are regularly tangled together, howeverâ they convey explicit implications as clarified beneath: Preparing = learning identified with present employment; Training = figuring out how to set up the individual yet not identified with a particular present or future employment; Advancement = learning for development of the individual yet not identified with a particular present or future employment. It has been perceived by the endeavors that uninvolved learning can't not guarantee a precise formative procedure vital in the business world. The supervisors think that its difficult to accept, that, courses and workshops can instruct the board. It is contended, that case technique, talks, conversations and speculations are helpful, yet they never discover its way into the passageways of business world. Thus, supervisors and instructive scholars recommend experiential realizing, which trains laborers in work place all the more successfully. As indicated by the Glossary of Training Terms (2005), preparing is â€Å"a arranged procedure to adjust disposition, information or ability conduct through learning experience to accomplish compelling execution in a movement or scope of exercises. Its motivation, in the work circumstance, is to build up the capacities of the individual and to fulfill the present and future needs of the organisation†. Rothwell (2003) referenced that, preparation prepares people and gatherings in an association to improve their work execution. In any case, preparing alone can't ease a poor work, which might be because of the absence of remunerations and motivations. Preparing is incorporated for an assortment of reasons, for example, direction preparing for new laborers or sending representatives for exceptional assignments and getting ready workers to help basic exercises (Wilkinson, 2005). The HRD furnishes individuals with vital aptitudes in three different ways (McGoldrickand, 2001). .Individual Developmentâ addresses expansive zones and addresses, for example, expertise advancement, relational aptitudes, vocation improvement, and so forth.  Occupational/Group Development happens among the gatherings through a group building programs. It additionally applies to explicit word related gatherings, for example, usage of new enactment. Authoritative Development covers the entire association. It very well may be characterized as a â€Å"collection of arranged change intercessions, based on humanistic-majority rule esteems, that look to improve hierarchical adequacy and representative well-being†(Wilson and John, 2005). The notable models are; the presentation of a client care programs over the association; and the presentation of all out quality administration, which requires all people and gatherings to get included. Mumfords (1995) specifies that, an association where individuals consistently grow their ability to make the outcomes genuinely create examples of speculation for aggregate learning. This procedure can be characterized as following:  Personal authority, guaranteeing singular inspiration to learn; mental models, making a receptiveness to confusions;  shared vision, constructing long haul responsibility in individuals; group getting the hang of, creating bunch aptitudes like participation, correspondence, etc;  systems thinking, which constitutesâ combination with different orders the other four. Every one of these controls are to be drilled together to make an effect and should be rehearsed by all the individuals from association to cooperate. Every issue and issue is emergency and laborers gain from emergency and challenges together and attempt to improvement process, where all specialists benefit from each other’s encounters. Move of Training in Knowledge Economy Drucker (1993) has referenced that, Every couple of hundred years in western history there happens a sharp change. Inside a couple of brief decades, society revises itself its reality see; its fundamental qualities; its social and political structure; its crafts; its key organizations. The shiftâ from modern based economies to enterprisesâ began 20 years back, moving to piece of the overall industry and various leveled the board concentrating on a knowledgeâ based economy. On the off chance that the mechanical economy was driven by modest vitality; today’s information economy is driven by modest microchips and information the board empowering organizations to take advantage of the new information (Trask, 1996). The advanced enterprise is finished and the postmodern partnership is unique. Today organizations may appear to be identical from outsideâ€but behind the faã §ade, everything is unique. They are not, at this point associated with the kettle or routine machines, yet now in the matter of information creation. The action of information based association isn't delivering machine or force toys, yet creating and overseeing information. The information economy varies from the former one, as the new economy is ever-expanding in data power and stuffed with more information, information, and thoughts. Presently information dwells in the attractive strip, not the plastic. The information based economy has new principles and norms, which require better approaches for living and working, business, which don't get information laborers, are bound to kick the bucket.  Wolfensohn (1999) has referenced that, the information put together economy depends with respect to thoughts and uses of innovation instead of physical quality, which was done on the abuse of modest work. In this new economy information is made, procured, transmitted, and sold by people, ventures, associations, and networks for the advancement of financial turn of events. In the modern world, information based enterprises are developing quick, while work showcase requests are additionally evolving. The new advances demand exceptionally talented laborers, decreasing interest for the low gifted specialists.  One of the key factors that recognize keen business undertaking of the 21st century is accentuation on information and data. Information the executives is a significant methods by which associations can all the more likely oversee data and information. Information the executives includes a scope of ideas, extending from the executives errands to innovative practices, all go under the umbrella of the administration of information (Gupta, 2003). The fruitful associations are forceful, quick paced and be able to createâ â information to amplify authoritative vital achievement. In today’s world, information is an asset, which is basic to an organization’s endurance and accomplishment in the worldwide economy.  As the idea of work is changing, information is viewed as an essential asset offering ascend to the exceptional interest for learning in the workplace. Endeavors need to offer this new learning at work and make information laborers, which have become unavoidable piece of the corporate world. The work environment has become a site of learning related with improvement of the endeavor through adding to creation and advancement. Therefore the advancement of the people by giving preparing to make new information is the most needed resource of the ventures today. The information economy has four fundamental highlights as depicted beneath (Trask, 1996). Information created and applied in new manners, particularly through data transformation, which has given new chances to get to data, however it is likewise making new open doors for quick exchange of the information accelerating the procedure of overall change. Today item cycles have gotten shorter because of developing interest for advancement. In 1990s, it would take six ye

When Alcoholic Liver Disease Hits Close to Home

When Alcoholic Liver Disease Hits Close to Home Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Print Alcoholic Liver Disease: One Mans Story He Just Couldnt Stop, No Matter What By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 06, 2018 GSO Images Collection/Photographers Choice RF/Getty images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use He knew the only way to save his life was to quit drinking, but he just couldnt stop, no matter how hard he tried. His name was Bobby. He wasnt my best friend; he was more like everybodys best friend. Everybody enjoyed his company, his sense of humor and his incessant teasing. I dont remember anyone who disliked Bobby. He was one of those people that you immediately felt comfortable around. Everybody Loved Bobby. I dont ever remember seeing Bobby drunk, but I never saw him sober either. You may know what I mean: he could drink all day and you could never tell it by the way he looked, acted or talked. I suppose that was because he drank constantly. Nobody could tell the difference. It was more likely due to the fact that he had built up such a tolerance to alcohol and it no longer had any outward effects on his behavior. Quit Are You Are Going to Die On the way to work in the mornings, he would pull into the backyard of one of his friends, pop the trunk, get his fifth of whiskey and take a long swig right out of the bottle. Hed get back into the car and drive off to work. Every morning. Thats when he was still able to work. When he began having health problems, the doctor immediately diagnosed him with cirrhosis of the liver, a type of alcoholic liver disease. They told him to quit drinking or he was going to die.? Jaundiced and Still Drinking God knows he tried to quit. He tried to work the 12-step program again and again, and saw the inside of more than one alcohol treatment center. After 28 days of no alcohol, a balanced diet, and megadoses of vitamins, Bobby would feel a lot better. Hed celebrate by having a drink --the minute he was released. Later came the medical hospitals. When jaundice set in he was forced into having a complete blood transfusion, which helped for a while. Six weeks later, Bobby would be back needing another transfusion. He Swore He Was Not Drinking After his second trip to the hospital and second transfusion, Bobby came to me looking for work. Hed been fired from every auto dealership and mobile home lot in town at least once and had few options. Since he swore to me he was not drinking - and because with his great personality he was a great salesman - I got him a position in our sales department. He seemed to be doing a lot better. One morning a few weeks later I was at work before anyone else. I was upstairs in the break room fixing a pot of decaf and glanced out the window to see Bobby pull into the back alley parking area. He got out of the car, popped the trunk, got his bottle and turned it up. Nothing had changed. He was just trying to hide it now, even from his oldest friends. It is painful to watch someone you care about continue to drink when they know it is killing them. Saying Goodbye to a Friend The last time I saw Bobby he was in the hospital again. His skin was completely yellow and his eyes were sunken into his head. Bobby, you need to hurry up and get out of this place, I want to go fishing! I told my friend of more than 30 years. Then I placed my hand on his weary head and told him I loved him and God loved him too. I knew I was saying goodbye. When I left the room I called all of his old friends: If you want to see Bobby again, you better get on over to the hospital. Quickly. Most of them were able to get there in time. They buried him four days later. He was in his mid-40s. Survivors included a four-year-old daughter. Too Much Alcohol for Far Too Long For Bobby, there was just too much alcohol for far too long for his liver to remain healthy. An estimated 25,000 people a year die as a result of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol abuse can cause a condition called fatty liver or another called alcoholic hepatitis -- both of which can be treated, but only if alcohol consumption is stopped. If drinking continues, these conditions will cause cirrhosis of the liver. Hardening of the Liver What happens is the liver begins to harden. Scar tissue develops in the bodys largest internal organ which hinders its ability to filter blood. When the scar tissue develops to a certain point, the liver can no longer do its work. The problem is the liver performs more than 1,500 functions for the body, including more than 300 that are believed to be life-saving procedures. If the liver stops doing its job, all kinds of health problems develop quickly and death can come rapidly. Functions of a Healthy Liver The liver detoxifies poisons, both those produced by the body and those from outside; filters bacteria from the blood; regulates fat metabolism; stores and manufactures vitamins; regulates and manufactures cholesterol and fats; synthesizes proteins; maintains the bodys water and salt balance; secretes bile for the digestion of fat; stores energy (in the form of glycogen) helps regulate overall body metabolism; transforms the highly toxic ammonia (produced by exercise and by metabolism of proteins) into urea which is eliminated in the urine; manufactures lipoproteins for fat and cholesterol transport; and metabolizes alcohol. If the liver stops doing any of these jobs, or numerous others it does constantly, the result can be fatal.

Texas’ Individualistic and Traditionalistic Culture The...

Texas is a unique place with a colorful history of legendary cowboys and tall tales. The state stretches over the middle section of the southern United States. Texas has experienced shifts in governmental control within the United States. French, Spanish, Mexican, and Confederacy, and all having once been in charge, not to mention the time Texas spent as an independent republic. Texas has had many battles and wars within its borders, resulting in seven different constitutions within a span of fifty years between each document. The people of Texas are diverse and carry their â€Å"big can-do attitudes and accents† (Pearson); making Texas a bigger than life state. The political culture of Texas is impacted by two different subgroups of†¦show more content†¦There is tremendous evidence, to suggest that individualism is a strong part of Texas culture such as, the use of biennial sessions of the legislature, the partisan election of judges, and limited powers of the governor. The people of Texas with individualism as their root belief do not want government to control their lives. They want the legislature meeting every other year because Texans fear too much time in session might lead to change. This is also the reason they have restricted the powers of governor. Although Texans generally do not want a strong government, this does not stop them from complaining and seeking answers when outcomes in government do not go their way. Looking at traditionalism, they are of the belief that people should adhere to tradition and make very few changes, especially in cultural or religious practice. â€Å"Traditionalism is a system holding that all knowledge is derived from original divine revelation and is transmitted by tradition† (Maxwell). In a traditional culture, economic and social elites dominate, and government is designed to serve social elites. Taxes are kept low to help business and economic interests, while education and welfare spending is among the lowest in the country. Overall, citizens understand government does not provide much

Biblical Principles For Righteous Living - 872 Words

Theology has a direct association with faith aligned and relative to God. An adversary to faith is fear and doubt. The two antagonists discredit ones’ acceptance that God is faithful and can do all things but fail. Learning the process to achieve the best results possible is essential because it is a personal asset. One must be attentive to explanation, conscious to personal experiences, and applied to the educational material to increase strength in the development of achievement. Theology Explained Personally, theology comprehended to be the study of biblical principles for righteous living. Looking further to getting the correct meaning of theology, Merriam-Webster states it is, â€Å"Learning about faith, and the practice principles and†¦show more content†¦Simultaneously, believing it has already come to a reality. Faith is a humble stance. It is a good time to draw near to God as in a personal relationship, while one is waiting.The greater the desire and the expectation offers a better chance of improved faith. Sometimes challenging the faith of a person is a process God actually uses to increase faith. For instance, at a time during this season of unemployment searching for work had developed into a constant thing. Many applications were submitted and several scheduled interviews the results were disappointing. Unfortunately, the interview process seemed promising and exciting, but later, the updating emails of notifications concerning the positions of advertisem ent had been occupied by other candidates. This experience has caused much sorrow and grief. During a pity party and weeping, it turns out to be an opportunity to pray about the situation. The results of praying invoked a response from God. Sharing the message from God can be enlightening. He said, † Have He not taken care of everything in the past just as before He will do it again. And the work He has planned does not require a job.â€Å" The message was overwhelming and also a pleasure, to be chosen for an assignment by God. This is confirmation God truly have a plan for the life of every person. The waiting is vital to strengthening ones’ faith, endurance, and patience. Although the wait can be frustrating, obedience is better than sacrifice.Show MoreRelatedGod Is The Author Of All Creation1410 Words   |  6 Pages Christianity shares with Islam and Judaism the story of a singular divine act for creation, spread out over six sections. The Islamic Hebrew creation account of this, like the Islamic one, starts with Adam and Eve as the first of all human life, living in ultimate paradise. In this story, God tells Adam and Eve not to ever eat fruit from a certain tree, but they don’t listen and they get expulsion from Paradise. Now Jewish Hebrews and Muslim Arabs trace their lineage back to Abraham (not Adam andRead MoreAt Any Given Point In Time, An Individual Has Established1260 Words   |  6 Pagesview that no beliefs can be wrong. The faulty little elements of a worldview add up to a bigger picture full of division and contradiction. However, the turbulent essence of a worldview does not apply to a truly biblical worldview. This is as a result of a judicious and righteous biblical worldview that holds an influence that is not only exclusively obtained from external sources, but also internal: the Trinity and the Scripture. 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To better explain this, we will use Romans 1-8 as a course to illustrate 1) the importance of conforming to a Biblical worldview, and 2) what that Biblical worldview might look like. First of all, Romans 1 establishes the reason for our faith. In addition to many of the frequently quotedRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Justice1630 Words   |  7 Pagesneeded to see if there any guidance or supervision in the home or any type of abuse is occurring physically or sexually. Is there abuse of drugs or alcohol with the parents or the children? Are there mental health issues? The environment they are living in is a huge factor that leads to criminal behavior such as very poor economic conditions and influence from adult criminal behavior prevalent around them. 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Though there are many ideologies suggesting there can be more than one Biblical worldview; since The Bible is by which we live, the Christian worldview is solely based upon the Bible and concepts therein. There are two girls, Kristie Aye and Jaminson Bee. Both, living out their young adult lives; Kristie is a Christian, but she still does what sheRead MoreThe Counseling Philosophy Of God s Focus On The Heart Of The Individual2079 Words   |  9 Pagesfocus of biblical counseling and for good reason. This was God’s focus in the O.T. (1 Sam. 16:7; 1 Chron. 28:9; Ps. 51:17; Pro. 4:23), and their was prophecied of a day when God would change the hearts of men once and for all (Ez. 11:19; 36:26; Mal. 4:5-6). Therefore, the theme of Jesus earthly ministry was, also, the heart (Matt. 5:8, 28; 15:8; 22:37; Mk. 12:30). Now things start to get sticky here, in that CFTH does not define what the heart is. 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Lessons from Invictus Free Essays

Invictus: Lessons about Leadership The movie Invictus provides a plethora of lessons about good leadership. First, the movie teaches us about how a good leader leads by example. This is because he/she know how important it is to people look up to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Lessons from Invictus or any similar topic only for you Order Now An example set by the leader helps to drive people ahead when they see that what they are being told to do is in fact possible. The second lesson that the movie teaches about leadership is that a leader does not delve in to the self-serving act of revenge. This is because he/she recognize that the needs of the many must come before his. The third lesson is that a leader has a lot of belief in the goodness of others. He/she truly believe that given a fair chance people can reform and turn for the good. The forth lesson that the movie teaches us is that a leader must have a lot of self-belief. As a result when faced with adversity a leader will never back down. In fact he/she will further strengthen their resolve a push forward even harder. The fifth lesson is that a leader know that he/she can alone work towards the fulfillment of the vision. Thus, when the need arises, a leader learns to trust the abilities of those who work for him by delegating. The sixth lesson that the movie teaches us is that a good leader give due importance to every one of his followers, no matter how seemingly small their role might be. This is because he/she know that every little bit matters and thus each individual must be give respect. The seventh lesson is that a leader must combine his /her vision with action as the leader realizes that a vision without it is impotent. The eight lesson the movie teaches is that a leader has a very clear vision about where he/she wants to go. This results in high self-belief and at times results in leaps of faith, when the situation demands it. The ninth lesson that the movie teaches us is that a leader is humble both in victory and defeat. This is particularly true in victory where he/she never claims the victory for him/her self but rather a victory for all. The final lesson that I have learned from this movie is that a true leader is truly passionate about his/her vision. Thus a leader is all about self-sacrifice for the fulfillment of his/her goals, despite all odds and adversities. How to cite Lessons from Invictus, Papers

V.I. Lenin Essays - Vladimir Lenin, Socialism, Economic Ideologies

V.I. Lenin Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin was a key figure in European history. Lenin led the Bolsheviks (which later became known as communists) to overthrow the Russian Tsar, and to bring socialism to Russia. Lenin introduced Communism to Russia. This changed the history for Russia as well as the rest of Europe, and to this day has had a huge effect on the Russian economy. Lenins impact on Europe and Russia consisted of him applying Marxist ideas, which later led to complete Communism, and a threat to Europe and the rest of world. In developing his plan of socialism in Russia, Lenin followed the examples of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the original developers of the communist theory. The main aspect of any kind of government, and especially socialism, is its economic structure. Lenin explained that in his economic theory, called Imperialism, the first step was to gradually move into a joined monopoly - capitalist phase, which later would become communism. Lenin went on to say that based on the disproportion between economic development of the monopoly stage, which is the beginning of full socialism, and capitalism, which is the meaning of a private life and freedom from others. The only problem with that theory is that a Monopoly and Capitalism are complete opposites of each other, and were bound to cause problems.(http://venus.spaceports.com/~theory/economy_1.htm) Lenin knew of this problem, but considered it a stepping stone in the right direction. He predicted problems, but thought in due time his economic machine would operate with great success, and make Russia into a world mega power. Lenins plan of communism for Russia was supposed to be great. People were supposed to get free education, free medical care, everybody makes the same amount of money, working equally as hard, and everybody was supposed to get the same advantage in life. But it would never work out quite as planed. On October 25, 1917 (November 7th according to the new Gregoria n calendar), Lenin led the Bolsheviks in a Socialist Revolution that would lead Lenin in charge of Russia. Everything that had been set in stone about the life and culture of Russian over the past centuries, would change during the course of one night. People were expecting great things, Lenin and others associated with his party, made Karl Marxs ideas about Communism sound great. Once Lenin came to power and tried to execute his plans towards his nation things went terribly wrong for the people of Russia. The problems started with the working class or the proletariat, the people that Lenin put in charge of the nation. As common knowledge, proletariats are not the most educated people, with no knowledge of how to help run a Socialist government. So the proletariats started making decisions that would hurt the common man in Russia. Decease, hunger and even cannibalism struck over some parts of the nation, where as before in the Monarchy rule under Tsar Nicholas II, Russia was as rich in agriculture as any other country in the world.(Shinskaya) Another promise that Lenin kept was that he gave the peasants more land. Also, he forced the peasants to move to collective farms, called Kalhoz (Russian). The peasants didnt have any privacy, all their personal belongings were taken and put to public use in their collective farms. An example of the changes going on in the work force, on socialistic collective farm, was farmers, one farmer has two cows, the other had none. In a communistic government, where everybody is completely equal, Lenin would make the two farmers coexist and work with each other, and make the farmer with two cows share with the farmer with no cows at all. Allowing the farmer with no cows to free load off the farmer with two cows. That is Communism; unfair, but too bad, you cant do anything about it. The peasants became outraged and started to strike. Bolshevik at first sight of resistance began to shoot down innocent people fighting for their freed om, all by the order of Lenin.(Isayevich 98) The problems didnt end there. Back in the old days of Monarch Russia, the Russian people had a great belief of the church. In one of Karl

The Stars And Galaxies Essays - Spectroscopists, Stellar Astronomy

The Stars And Galaxies Essays - Spectroscopists, Stellar Astronomy The Stars And Galaxies MEGAN JACKSON MS. KEYS SCIENCE DECEMBER 5,2000 THE STARS AND GALAXIES Have you ever looked up at the sky and wondered what are those bright and shiny things up there. Stars: a natural luminious body visible in the sky especially at night. A self-luminious gaseous celestial body ofgreat mass which produces energy by means of nuclear fusion reactions, whose shape is usually spheroidal, and whose size may be as small as the earth or larger than the earths orbit. Galaxies: Any of the very large groups of stars and associated matter that are found throughout the universe. In 1802, William Wollaston noted that the spectrum of sunlight did not appear to be a continious band of colors, but rather had a series of dark lines superimposed on it. Wollaston attributed the lines to natural boundaries between colors. Joseph Fraunhofer made a more careful set of observations of the solar spectrum in 1814 and found some 600 dark lines, and he specifically measured the wavelenght of 324 of them. Many of the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum retain the notations he created to designate them. In 1864, Sir William Huggins matched some of these dark lines in the spectra from other stars with terrestrial substances, demonstrating that the stars are made of the same materials of everyday material rather than exotic substances. This paved the way for modern spectroscopy. Since even before the discovery of the spectra, scientists had tried to find ways to catergorize stars. By observing spectra , astronomers realized that the large numbers of stars exhibit a small number of distinct patterns in their spectral lines. Classification by the spectral features quickly proved to be a powerful tool for understanding stars. The current spectral classification scheme was developed at Harvard Observatory in the early 20th century. Work was begun by Henry Draper who photographed the first spectrum of Vega in 1872. After his death, his wife donated the equipment and a sum of money to the Observatory to continue his work. The bulk of classification work was done by Annie Jump Cannon from 1918 to 1924. The original scheme used capital letters running alphabetically, but the subsequent revisions have reduced this as stellar evolution and typing has become better understood. The work was published in the Henry Draper Catalog and Henry Draper Extension which contained spectra of 225,000 stars down to ninth magnitude. The scheme is based on lines which are mainly sensitiveto stellar surface tempertures rather than actual composition differences,gravity, or luminosity. Inportant lines

Why Animal Rights Activists Oppose Aquariums

Why Animal Rights Activists Oppose Aquariums Animal rights activists oppose aquariums for the same reason they oppose zoos. Fish and other sea creatures, like their land-dwelling relatives, are sentient and have a right to live free from human exploitation. In addition, there are concerns about the treatment of the animals in captivity, especially marine mammals. Aquariums and Animal Rights From an animal rights perspective, keeping animals in captivity for our own use is an infringement on that animals right to be free of human exploitation, regardless of how well the animals are treated. There are some people who doubt the sentience of fish and other sea creatures. This is an important issue because the rights of animals are based on sentience - the ability to suffer. But studies have shown that fish, crabs, and shrimp do feel pain. What about anemones, jellyfish and other animals with simpler nervous systems? While its debatable whether a jellyfish or anemone can suffer, it is clear that crabs, fish, penguins and marine mammals do feel pain, are sentient and are therefore deserving of rights. Some might argue that we should give jellyfish and anemones the benefit of the doubt because there is no compelling reason to keep them in captivity, but in a world where clearly intelligent, sentient beings such as dolphins, elephants and chimpanzees are kept in captivity for our amusement/education, the main challenge is convincing the public that sentience is the determining factor for whether a being has rights, and sentient beings should not be kept in zoos and aquariums. Aquariums and Animal Welfare The animal welfare position holds that humans have a right to use animals as long as the animals are treated well. However, even from an animal welfare viewpoint, aquariums are problematic. Animals in an aquarium are confined in relatively small tanks and can get bored and frustrated. In an effort to provide more natural environments for the animals, different species are often kept together, which lead to predatory animals attacking or eating their tank mates. Furthermore, the tanks are stocked either with captured animals or animals bred in captivity. Capturing animals in the wild is stressful, injurious and sometimes fatal; breeding in captivity is also a problem because those animals will live their entire lives in a tiny tank instead of a vast ocean. Special Concerns About Marine Mammals There are special concerns regarding marine mammals because they are so large and they so obviously suffer in captivity, regardless of any educational or entertainment value they may have for their captors. This is not to say that marine mammals suffer more in captivity than small fish, although that is possible, the suffering of marine mammals is more obvious to us. For example, according to the World Society for the Protection of Animals, a dolphin in the wild swims 40 miles per day, but US regulations require dolphin pens to be only 30 feet in length. A dolphin would have to circle his tank more than 3,500 times every day to simulate his natural range. Regarding killer whales in captivity, the Humane Society of the US explains: This unnatural situation can cause skin problems. In addition, in captive killer whales (orcas), it is the probable cause of dorsal fin collapse, as without the support of water, gravity pulls these tall appendages over as the whale matures. Collapsed fins are experienced by all captive male orcas and many captive female orcas, who were either captured as juveniles or who were born in captivity. However, they are observed in only about 1% of orcas in the wild. And in rare tragedies, captive marine mammals attack people, possibly as a result of post-traumatic stress syndrome after being captured from the wild. What About Rehabbing or Public Education? Some might point out the good work that aquariums do: rehabbing wildlife and educating the public about zoology and ocean ecology. While these programs are laudable and certainly not trivial, they cannot justify the suffering of the individuals in aquariums. If they operated as true sanctuaries for individual animals who cannot return to the wild, such as Winter, the dolphin with a prosthetic tail, there would be no ethical objections. What Laws Protect Animals in Aquariums? On the federal level, the federal Animal Welfare Act covers the warm-blooded animals in aquariums, such as marine mammals and penguins, but does not apply to fish and invertebrates - the vast majority of animals in an aquarium. The Marine Mammal Protection Act offers some protection for whales, dolphins, seals, walruses, sea lions, sea otters, polar bears, dugongs, and manatees, but does not prohibit keeping them in captivity. The Endangered Species Act covers endangered species that might be in an aquarium and applies to all types of animals, including marine mammals, fish, and invertebrates. Animal cruelty statutes vary by state, and some states may offer some protection to the marine mammals, penguins, fish and other animals in aquariums. The information on this website is not legal advice and is not a substitute for legal advice. For legal advice, please consult an attorney.

Racial Profiling Goes Beyond Black and White by Polakow-Suransky, Essay

Racial Profiling Goes Beyond Black and White by Polakow-Suransky, (Pages.200-205) - Essay Example rican Americans, especially young males, are more likely than are whites to be involved in the commission of a crime.   Racial profiling is illegal but police are allowed to stop and search drivers if they have reason to believe that person may be in possession of drugs or weapons so therefore, this practice continues. Since September 11, 2001, law enforcement agencies around the country are practicing a new type of racial profiling which has the approval of most all citizens. It is referred to as ‘flying while Arab.’ â€Å"In the post-September 11 climate, ‘driving while black’ has become ‘flying while brown’† (204). Many cases have been reported where Arab, or ‘Arab looking’ Americans have been ordered to depart airplanes simply because their appearance was making some of the other passengers uneasy. Decisions regarding what person to hire, which people will be admitted and who will be detained by airport security as their suitcase is ransacked while they are trying to catch a plane is based upon characteristic generalities that are either observable or perceived. However, even when generalizations are statistically legitimate, they can be very erroneous in particular cases. For example, many black students are more prepared, scholastically speaking, to enter a university than many white students. Racial profiling is, by anyone’s definition, a rational method of discrimination. While most would have agreed prior to September 11, 2001 that racial discrimination is morally wrong and cannot be justified for any reason, those following the tragic events which killed more than 3000 Americans and the continued threat of terrorism has made this practice more palatable and even desirable. Had the terrorists that committed these acts not been of Arab descent, then the profiling of airplane passengers and the widespread fear of this particular ethnic group would not be a matter of discussion. Profiling Arabs is an easy sell to a country made up

Reflexes Uncovered-Pathway of an action potential Comprehensive Paper Essay

Reflexes Uncovered-Pathway of an action potential Comprehensive Paper - Essay Example A stimulus is generated immediately a person comes in contact with a painful object like fire. The stimulus has to pass through layers of the layers of the skin, which include the epidermis and the dermis. The anatomy of the skin displays a rich network of receptors that are responsible for detecting pain (Moses et al., 67). The epidermis consists of hair and Merkel’s disc, which is a tactile receptor found between the epidermis and the dermis. This receptor detects any form of external stimuli. The Pacinian corpuscle is also found in the outermost layer of the skin and it detects abnormal pressures from external environment. Apart from these receptors, the outer skin layer has free nerve endings that detect pain. The stimulus goes through the free nerve endings to other sensory receptors in the dermis (Moses et al., 70). The presence of sensory receptors enables the skin to detect any change in environmental pressures like fire. The dermis also has the Ruffini’s corpuscle which is a receptor similar to a mushroom shape. The stimulus is also detected by the Pacinian corpuscle, which detects deep pressure within the hypodermis layer. The dermis contains free nerve endings that play a major part in detecting external stimuli. A stimulus excites the impulse at the resting membrane potential of the neuron threshold potential in order to reach the maximum action potential. When the maximum action potential is achieved, the cell membrane of the neurons becomes depolarized and the sensory receptors convert the portrayed information into nerve impulses. As a result the nerve impulse away from the dendrites into the neuron then onto the cell body of the nerve. It then travels via the myelin sheath of the axon, to the nodes of Ranvier and lastly to the synaptic knob where the axon and another neuron mee t each other. The gap between one neuron and another is called the presynaptic membrane

The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Essay -- Fish Illnes

The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Thumbing through the pages of Business Week, the headline read Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer. Interested, I continued to read the short article. According to the reporter, Otis Port, researchers at California State University in Fresno say that they have isolated four substances in shark cartilage that appear to inhibit cancer (93). Curious, I continued to read the rest of the article. The chemicals block a mechanism discovered in the mid-1980s at Harvard University: Tumor cells secrete a protein called angiogenin that entices blood vessels to grow close to cancers and nourish them. The shark extracts counteract angiogenin and the tumor starves (93). I sat there pondering the concept and decided that I would further investigate this intoxicating find. Physiology of the Shark The Immune System It is obvious that the sharks and rays of the ocean have existed for a tremendous length of time, 450 million years to be exact. They have survived without dying from bacterial infections, diseases or viruses. This may be because their immune system has changed minutely over those 450 million years. It seems that cartilaginous fish have four different classes of immunoglobulin and that shark antibodies lack the specificity that permits recognition of the subtle differences between two similar types of bacteria (Litman, 68). Sharks antibodies lack the capacity to bind more strongly to an antigen during the course of a prolonged immune response, which has been determined to be an advantage in fighting infection (Litman, 68). Some would think that this inhibits the shark from being able to fight off anything. However, this ancient immune system benefits the shark wholeheartedl... ...he big question is, how far do we push it and are we going to exterminate the main killing machine of the watery ecosystem with the quest for our own survival? It remains a mystery. Bibliography Altman, Lawrence K. à ¬Shark Substance Found to Limit Tumor Growth.à ® New York Times 1 May 1996: A15. Beardsley, Tim. à ¬Sharks Do Get Cancer.à ® Scientific American October 1994: 24-25. Hooper, Judith. à ¬Unconventional Cancer Treatments.à ® Omni February- March 1993: 59-62. Lane, Dr. I. William, and Linda Comac. Sharks Donà ­t Get Cancer. Garden City Park: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1992. Litman, Gary W. à ¬Sharks and the Origin of Vertebrate Immunity.à ® Scientific American November 1996: 67-71. Mestel, Rosie. à ¬Sharksà ­ Healing Powers.à ® Natural History September 1996: 40-47. Ports, Otis. à ¬Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer.à ® Business Week 21 November 1994:93. The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Essay -- Fish Illnes The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Thumbing through the pages of Business Week, the headline read Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer. Interested, I continued to read the short article. According to the reporter, Otis Port, researchers at California State University in Fresno say that they have isolated four substances in shark cartilage that appear to inhibit cancer (93). Curious, I continued to read the rest of the article. The chemicals block a mechanism discovered in the mid-1980s at Harvard University: Tumor cells secrete a protein called angiogenin that entices blood vessels to grow close to cancers and nourish them. The shark extracts counteract angiogenin and the tumor starves (93). I sat there pondering the concept and decided that I would further investigate this intoxicating find. Physiology of the Shark The Immune System It is obvious that the sharks and rays of the ocean have existed for a tremendous length of time, 450 million years to be exact. They have survived without dying from bacterial infections, diseases or viruses. This may be because their immune system has changed minutely over those 450 million years. It seems that cartilaginous fish have four different classes of immunoglobulin and that shark antibodies lack the specificity that permits recognition of the subtle differences between two similar types of bacteria (Litman, 68). Sharks antibodies lack the capacity to bind more strongly to an antigen during the course of a prolonged immune response, which has been determined to be an advantage in fighting infection (Litman, 68). Some would think that this inhibits the shark from being able to fight off anything. However, this ancient immune system benefits the shark wholeheartedl... ...he big question is, how far do we push it and are we going to exterminate the main killing machine of the watery ecosystem with the quest for our own survival? It remains a mystery. Bibliography Altman, Lawrence K. à ¬Shark Substance Found to Limit Tumor Growth.à ® New York Times 1 May 1996: A15. Beardsley, Tim. à ¬Sharks Do Get Cancer.à ® Scientific American October 1994: 24-25. Hooper, Judith. à ¬Unconventional Cancer Treatments.à ® Omni February- March 1993: 59-62. Lane, Dr. I. William, and Linda Comac. Sharks Donà ­t Get Cancer. Garden City Park: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1992. Litman, Gary W. à ¬Sharks and the Origin of Vertebrate Immunity.à ® Scientific American November 1996: 67-71. Mestel, Rosie. à ¬Sharksà ­ Healing Powers.à ® Natural History September 1996: 40-47. Ports, Otis. à ¬Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer.à ® Business Week 21 November 1994:93.

Philosophy, Deductive Arguments

Philosophy Homework 15/09/2011 Deductive Arguments: A deductive argument isn’t necessarily valid, it could be invalid. It also isn’t necessarily sound – it could be unsound. If the argument is valid and the premises are true then overall the argument is sound. You will always gain knowledge with a deductive argument. The first premise will link with the second premise in order to make a conclusion. Deductive arguments aren’t based on assumptions.Inductive Arguments: The premises are all true so therefore the conclusion is likely to be true; however it isn’t definite that the conclusion will be true. It is usually probable that the conclusion will be true, but there is a chance it’s false. For example: Katherine is a girl (premise) A lot of girls paint their nails (premise) Katherine paints her nails (conclusion) -Katherine might not like wearing nail varnish, it’s just an assumption that she does because she is a girl. Necessary truths : Something that will always be true no matter what the circumstances or situation is.An example would be that ‘I am a female’. Contingent truths: A truth that in some cases may be true, however it could also have been false. If there is anyway in which this truth could be false, it is contingent. An example of this would be ‘Dogs have 4 legs’; some dogs have to have legs amputated, therefore isn’t true in every case. A Priori: Knowledge that has not been supported by an experience or an actual fact. A Posteriori: Knowledge that is backed up by experience/observation or an actual fact.

A Letter For The County Commissioners - 997 Words

, not to support the proposal, in a letter to the county commissioners. When he wrote the letter he kept in mind the offers, and intentionally wrote a more favorable letter to the county commissioners. Overall, the issues were caused by the hospital’s financial status and the FCHP representative’s generous bribes to Dr. Wood. There are two different issues depicted in this case study. The first issue is shared between all of the hospital physicians, including Dr. Wood, the leader of the group. They are able to resolve the issue, of whether or not to accept the FCHP proposal to manage the hospital. They are able to make a concise agreement to object the proposal, with the help of Dr. Kopper’s background information. The second issue is only faced by Dr. Wood, and develops when he is offered bribes by the FCPH representative, in exchange for a supportive letter to the county commissioners. In Case 28 and Case 30 both leaders face more than one issue, however, they were not similar. Both leaders are also impacted by their communication strategies, and inability to fully collaborate with those that they are leading. In Case 28 the leader did not seek out opinions from the employees he was leading. He did not request feedback or hold staff meetings to address the issue he faced. His policy and memorandum appeared to be based solely on his opinion of how the Department of Health and Human Services should be portrayed and he only sought out employee information when heShow MoreRelatedThe Population Of Hidalgo County1475 Words   |  6 PagesHidalgo County was estimated to be 815,996, an increase of 9,444 (2%) over the 2012-estimated population. The county seat is located in the City of Edinburg. The governing body of Hidalgo County is the Commissioners Court. The Commissioners Court is comprised of the County Judge, who serves as the presiding officer, and four Commissi oners from one of the County’s four road and bridge precincts. 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