The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Essay -- Fish Illnes

The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Thumbing through the pages of Business Week, the headline read Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer. Interested, I continued to read the short article. According to the reporter, Otis Port, researchers at California State University in Fresno say that they have isolated four substances in shark cartilage that appear to inhibit cancer (93). Curious, I continued to read the rest of the article. The chemicals block a mechanism discovered in the mid-1980s at Harvard University: Tumor cells secrete a protein called angiogenin that entices blood vessels to grow close to cancers and nourish them. The shark extracts counteract angiogenin and the tumor starves (93). I sat there pondering the concept and decided that I would further investigate this intoxicating find. Physiology of the Shark The Immune System It is obvious that the sharks and rays of the ocean have existed for a tremendous length of time, 450 million years to be exact. They have survived without dying from bacterial infections, diseases or viruses. This may be because their immune system has changed minutely over those 450 million years. It seems that cartilaginous fish have four different classes of immunoglobulin and that shark antibodies lack the specificity that permits recognition of the subtle differences between two similar types of bacteria (Litman, 68). Sharks antibodies lack the capacity to bind more strongly to an antigen during the course of a prolonged immune response, which has been determined to be an advantage in fighting infection (Litman, 68). Some would think that this inhibits the shark from being able to fight off anything. However, this ancient immune system benefits the shark wholeheartedl... ...he big question is, how far do we push it and are we going to exterminate the main killing machine of the watery ecosystem with the quest for our own survival? It remains a mystery. Bibliography Altman, Lawrence K. à ¬Shark Substance Found to Limit Tumor Growth.à ® New York Times 1 May 1996: A15. Beardsley, Tim. à ¬Sharks Do Get Cancer.à ® Scientific American October 1994: 24-25. Hooper, Judith. à ¬Unconventional Cancer Treatments.à ® Omni February- March 1993: 59-62. Lane, Dr. I. William, and Linda Comac. Sharks Donà ­t Get Cancer. Garden City Park: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1992. Litman, Gary W. à ¬Sharks and the Origin of Vertebrate Immunity.à ® Scientific American November 1996: 67-71. Mestel, Rosie. à ¬Sharksà ­ Healing Powers.à ® Natural History September 1996: 40-47. Ports, Otis. à ¬Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer.à ® Business Week 21 November 1994:93. The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Essay -- Fish Illnes The Sharks Potential in the Cure for Human Cancer Thumbing through the pages of Business Week, the headline read Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer. Interested, I continued to read the short article. According to the reporter, Otis Port, researchers at California State University in Fresno say that they have isolated four substances in shark cartilage that appear to inhibit cancer (93). Curious, I continued to read the rest of the article. The chemicals block a mechanism discovered in the mid-1980s at Harvard University: Tumor cells secrete a protein called angiogenin that entices blood vessels to grow close to cancers and nourish them. The shark extracts counteract angiogenin and the tumor starves (93). I sat there pondering the concept and decided that I would further investigate this intoxicating find. Physiology of the Shark The Immune System It is obvious that the sharks and rays of the ocean have existed for a tremendous length of time, 450 million years to be exact. They have survived without dying from bacterial infections, diseases or viruses. This may be because their immune system has changed minutely over those 450 million years. It seems that cartilaginous fish have four different classes of immunoglobulin and that shark antibodies lack the specificity that permits recognition of the subtle differences between two similar types of bacteria (Litman, 68). Sharks antibodies lack the capacity to bind more strongly to an antigen during the course of a prolonged immune response, which has been determined to be an advantage in fighting infection (Litman, 68). Some would think that this inhibits the shark from being able to fight off anything. However, this ancient immune system benefits the shark wholeheartedl... ...he big question is, how far do we push it and are we going to exterminate the main killing machine of the watery ecosystem with the quest for our own survival? It remains a mystery. Bibliography Altman, Lawrence K. à ¬Shark Substance Found to Limit Tumor Growth.à ® New York Times 1 May 1996: A15. Beardsley, Tim. à ¬Sharks Do Get Cancer.à ® Scientific American October 1994: 24-25. Hooper, Judith. à ¬Unconventional Cancer Treatments.à ® Omni February- March 1993: 59-62. Lane, Dr. I. William, and Linda Comac. Sharks Donà ­t Get Cancer. Garden City Park: Avery Publishing Group Inc., 1992. Litman, Gary W. à ¬Sharks and the Origin of Vertebrate Immunity.à ® Scientific American November 1996: 67-71. Mestel, Rosie. à ¬Sharksà ­ Healing Powers.à ® Natural History September 1996: 40-47. Ports, Otis. à ¬Maybe Jaws Can Put the Bite on Cancer.à ® Business Week 21 November 1994:93.

Philosophy, Deductive Arguments

Philosophy Homework 15/09/2011 Deductive Arguments: A deductive argument isn’t necessarily valid, it could be invalid. It also isn’t necessarily sound – it could be unsound. If the argument is valid and the premises are true then overall the argument is sound. You will always gain knowledge with a deductive argument. The first premise will link with the second premise in order to make a conclusion. Deductive arguments aren’t based on assumptions.Inductive Arguments: The premises are all true so therefore the conclusion is likely to be true; however it isn’t definite that the conclusion will be true. It is usually probable that the conclusion will be true, but there is a chance it’s false. For example: Katherine is a girl (premise) A lot of girls paint their nails (premise) Katherine paints her nails (conclusion) -Katherine might not like wearing nail varnish, it’s just an assumption that she does because she is a girl. Necessary truths : Something that will always be true no matter what the circumstances or situation is.An example would be that ‘I am a female’. Contingent truths: A truth that in some cases may be true, however it could also have been false. If there is anyway in which this truth could be false, it is contingent. An example of this would be ‘Dogs have 4 legs’; some dogs have to have legs amputated, therefore isn’t true in every case. A Priori: Knowledge that has not been supported by an experience or an actual fact. A Posteriori: Knowledge that is backed up by experience/observation or an actual fact.

A Letter For The County Commissioners - 997 Words

, not to support the proposal, in a letter to the county commissioners. When he wrote the letter he kept in mind the offers, and intentionally wrote a more favorable letter to the county commissioners. Overall, the issues were caused by the hospital’s financial status and the FCHP representative’s generous bribes to Dr. Wood. There are two different issues depicted in this case study. The first issue is shared between all of the hospital physicians, including Dr. Wood, the leader of the group. They are able to resolve the issue, of whether or not to accept the FCHP proposal to manage the hospital. They are able to make a concise agreement to object the proposal, with the help of Dr. Kopper’s background information. The second issue is only faced by Dr. Wood, and develops when he is offered bribes by the FCPH representative, in exchange for a supportive letter to the county commissioners. In Case 28 and Case 30 both leaders face more than one issue, however, they were not similar. Both leaders are also impacted by their communication strategies, and inability to fully collaborate with those that they are leading. In Case 28 the leader did not seek out opinions from the employees he was leading. He did not request feedback or hold staff meetings to address the issue he faced. His policy and memorandum appeared to be based solely on his opinion of how the Department of Health and Human Services should be portrayed and he only sought out employee information when heShow MoreRelatedThe Population Of Hidalgo County1475 Words   |  6 PagesHidalgo County was estimated to be 815,996, an increase of 9,444 (2%) over the 2012-estimated population. The county seat is located in the City of Edinburg. The governing body of Hidalgo County is the Commissioners Court. The Commissioners Court is comprised of the County Judge, who serves as the presiding officer, and four Commissi oners from one of the County’s four road and bridge precincts. 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